Colorimetry in pH levels

The difference in pH between an acid and a base is the measurements on a pH scale. An acid is below 7, and a base is above 7. When they cancel each other out its a 7, which is neutral. An acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton reciever. pH= -log[H+] and pOH=-log[OH-]. The relationship between pH and pOH is that they both equal 14. The product of the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions equals Kw. pH indicators are substances, usually a weak acid or base, that changes color depending on the pH of the solution it is mixed with. Indicators don't change color sharply at one particular pH level. They change over a narrow range of pH. And this color change interval is different for each indicator. The difference that we observe between UI and other indicators is the composition of the indicator whether it is a base or acid and the color. I would choose different indicators. Although a pH of 5 and pH of 9 might seem close, they are very different on the pH scale, so it would be better to use different indicators. Indicators react with the hydrogen or hydroxide ions in the different substances. They change its formula and color to qualitatively show a pH or pOH scale. Most indicators only show a certain range of colors like Methyl orange or meta cresol, because of its limited pH indicators. The UI has the ability to show all the colors on the pH scale whereas  Methyl orange could only show colors ranging from red to yellow and  bromothymol blue can only show colors ranging from yellow to blue. 

Equilibrium Explore Lab



Dinitrogen Tentroxide

Nitrogen Dioxide

In each test tube was the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and the Dinitrogen Tentroxide (N2O4). The No2 is favored by the heat and produces a orange yellowish gas. The N2O4 is colorless and is favored by the cold. The formation from  2NO2 ----> N2O4 is exothermic. The reverse reaction is endothermic because there is an increase in energy needed to break bonds. The formation of  N2O4 releases more energy and the energy reversed requires a lot more due to the creation of 2 NO2. The rate of the reaction in both reactions is equal. Its the same in the reverse reaction as it is in the forward reaction. The change in color provides the evidence that one chemical was more favored in the other. This color change indicates a change in concentration, causing a change in energy, causing a different change in equilibrium. Because the color change the equilibrium changes. Equilibrium Is established in different temperatures. It wants to adjust and find a new equilibrium when the color changes. The reactions are happening continually and simultaneously. All three different points of the reaction were at equilibrium, but they were all at different points because of the change in temperature. The equation is ;

                                                         2NO2------><------- N2O4
The enthalpy for the forward reaction is -58.8 KJ/ mol of N2O2, and the enthalpy of the reverse reaction will be +58.8 KJ/ mol of 2No2. In the LeChatelier's principle is used to manipulate the outcomes of reversible reactions, often to increase the yield of reactions.

3 questions

Recently I've learned about kinetics. I taking the test over kinetics in my AP Chemistry class. I hope to do well on that test. we just started a new unit on equilibrium. this will be our last chapter before reviewing for the AP chemistry test. we gotta work sheet over it to do during spring break, it's pretty easy. We just finished the cardiovascular system in anatomy and I got the highest score on the test. I think we're learning about the urinary system next. I hope in this next chapter for chemistry that I will go in during lunch. whenever I need help or are you stuck on something instead of just hiding my problems go in and ask for help.

3 Questions

Recently I've learned about the blood in anatomy and kinetics in ap chemistry. I've I've learned about blood types and the cardiac output, also the anatomy of the heart. In Ap chemistry I learned about reaction mechanisms and half lives and catalysts. I'm still struggling with some of the mathematical concepts in this class and I hope to come in during lunch.

8.1 Reactions & Rates PhET

Describe how the reaction coordinate can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed including how the potential energy of the system changes.

The reaction coordinate can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed including how the potential energy of the system changes. This diagram shows the energy of the reactants and products and therefore delta E. The highest point on the diagram is the transition state. The species present at the transition state is called the activated complex. The energy gap between the reactants and the activated complex is the activation energy barrier. activation energy in other words has a minimum amount of energy required for reaction. For example just as a ball cannot get over a hill if it does not roll up the hill with enough energy a reaction cannot occur unless the molecules possess efficient energy to get over the activation energy barrier. Reaction coordinate diagrams are helpful to visualize energy changes throughout a procession processed on a reaction coordinate diagram like this for reimbursement of molecules.

          
Describe what affects the potential energy of the particles and how that relates to the energy graph.

The factors that affect an object's potential energy are its height relative to some reference point its mass and the strength of the gravitational field.

Describe how the reaction coordinate can be used too predict whether a reaction will proceed slowly, quickly, or not at all.
The reaction coordinate can use to predict whether a reaction will proceed slowly quickly or not at all is by its total energy. If the total energy is high the reaction will occur very quickly, if the reaction is slow then the total energy will be very low. And this will be determined and shown on the reaction coordinate graph.

 

3 qs

Recently in anatomy class we learned about the endocrine system. We took a test over it last week to test our knowledge on endocrine and reproductive systems. We learned about different hormones and the anatomy of the reproductive system and functions in both male and female. In chemistry class we learned about solids in Lewis structures and when you're more in depth on intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces. I take my test Monday. I hope to get a good grade on this test I am going to study and watch videos in the cover the notes so I know I understand the learning objectives. I am going to go in for help more often more than once a week like I normally do and start to retake my quizzes instead of procrastinating.

3 questions

Recently in my AP class we have learned about  electronegativity and Lewis structures and covalent bonds. We did a lab today where we built structures out of atoms and compare them to our lewis structures that we drew then we figured out the bond shape and angle of each compound. In anatomy we recently learned about the endocrine system and about the different hormones and glands and where they are located and anatomical structure and physiology. What I'm about to do next is going during lunch to practice my stoich and equation solving skills. Hopefully I'll just be able to let it clicked in my head and quit making mistakes on my test in the free response.