8.1 Reactions & Rates PhET

Describe how the reaction coordinate can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed including how the potential energy of the system changes.

The reaction coordinate can be used to predict whether a reaction will proceed including how the potential energy of the system changes. This diagram shows the energy of the reactants and products and therefore delta E. The highest point on the diagram is the transition state. The species present at the transition state is called the activated complex. The energy gap between the reactants and the activated complex is the activation energy barrier. activation energy in other words has a minimum amount of energy required for reaction. For example just as a ball cannot get over a hill if it does not roll up the hill with enough energy a reaction cannot occur unless the molecules possess efficient energy to get over the activation energy barrier. Reaction coordinate diagrams are helpful to visualize energy changes throughout a procession processed on a reaction coordinate diagram like this for reimbursement of molecules.

          
Describe what affects the potential energy of the particles and how that relates to the energy graph.

The factors that affect an object's potential energy are its height relative to some reference point its mass and the strength of the gravitational field.

Describe how the reaction coordinate can be used too predict whether a reaction will proceed slowly, quickly, or not at all.
The reaction coordinate can use to predict whether a reaction will proceed slowly quickly or not at all is by its total energy. If the total energy is high the reaction will occur very quickly, if the reaction is slow then the total energy will be very low. And this will be determined and shown on the reaction coordinate graph.

 

3 qs

Recently in anatomy class we learned about the endocrine system. We took a test over it last week to test our knowledge on endocrine and reproductive systems. We learned about different hormones and the anatomy of the reproductive system and functions in both male and female. In chemistry class we learned about solids in Lewis structures and when you're more in depth on intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces. I take my test Monday. I hope to get a good grade on this test I am going to study and watch videos in the cover the notes so I know I understand the learning objectives. I am going to go in for help more often more than once a week like I normally do and start to retake my quizzes instead of procrastinating.

3 questions

Recently in my AP class we have learned about  electronegativity and Lewis structures and covalent bonds. We did a lab today where we built structures out of atoms and compare them to our lewis structures that we drew then we figured out the bond shape and angle of each compound. In anatomy we recently learned about the endocrine system and about the different hormones and glands and where they are located and anatomical structure and physiology. What I'm about to do next is going during lunch to practice my stoich and equation solving skills. Hopefully I'll just be able to let it clicked in my head and quit making mistakes on my test in the free response.

Pepper and Soap Explore

What are the different intermolecular forces?
There are four types of intermolecular forces there is ionic forces, dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and induced dipole forces. Ionic forces hold ions together in ionic solids and are electrostatic forces. Opposite charges attract each other they are the strongest intermolecular force. Dipole forces are polar covalent molecules and are sometimes described as dipoles meaning that the molecule has two poles. One end of the pool has a partial positive charge while the other end has a partial negative charge. They will orient themselves so that the opposite charges attract principle operate effectively. Hydrogen bonding is the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and the end electronegative atom of the different molecule, usually its oxygen nitrogen or fluorine. The hydrogen is partially positive and attracted to the partially negative charge on the oxygen or nitrogen. Induced dipole forces are forces between essentially nonpolar molecules which is the weakest of all intermolecular forces these temporary dipoles attract or repel the electron clouds of nearby nonpolar molecules.
What intermolecular force does water experience?
Water experiences hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen has a very low electronegativity resulting in the oxygen atoms having greater affinity to the covalent shared electrons this makes the molecule extremely polar so the molecules stick together more.
What intermolecular force does soap seem to have?
Soap is different from water. It is nonpolar because water is polar this was observed when the pepper spread once the soap was dropped in the water. Some type of component that this soap had is nonpolar which reacted with the water which called the repeling of the pepper. After a little while the soap dissolved in spread into the water . Does soap acts as a phospholipid bilayer.
What happened when the soap was added to the pepper water? Why?
When the soap was added to the pepper water the pepper spread to the outside of the cup making it clear center of the water. This is because the soap and water has different intermolecular forces the water is polar and the soap is non polar. The pepper was used to show the repelling of the nonpolar vs polar.

Three ???

Recently we did a lab on the light in fd and C blue dye in Gatorade. We look to see the percent transmittance between different variations of the stock solution and water mixture. In anatomy we have been learning about neurons and the brain and central nervous system. We watched a movie about the grain. It was really cool we saw how panic can produce hormones that distrubs the stimulus of the brain and makes it not be able to focus on its normal functions. I am stuck struggling with the stoichiometry. I just get confused on where to put the units over what. Overall I enjoyed this unit I find it fairly easy to understand I'm actually understanding the electron configuration and wavelength and frequency is in emission spectrum and its very relieving that I can actually understand something in AP chemistry. I am planning to keep up my practices with the math equations and stoichiometry so I can better my struggles and perform better on tests and quizzes and overall get a higher grade in this class.

Shell Activity Blog

• What is Coulomb's law? Coulombs law is the basic idea of electricity. It looks at forces created between two charged objects. As distance increases the forces of electric fields decrease. When there are two charged particle, an electric tone is created. If there are longer charges the forces will be longer. 

• Explain how distance and charge impact the energy to remove an electron.  Why do both 'charge' and 'distance' need to be included in your explanation? Distance and charge are inversely related to each other. The closer the electron is to the nucleus (closer distance) the stronger the force. So the closer the electron is the more energy is needed to overcome the force of attraction between electron and proton. The further the electron, there is less energy needed.

• Explain why removing an electron is an endothermic process.and why it isn't an exothermic process. Removing an electron is an endothermic process because energy is absorbed to break the bond between electron and proton.

• How is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron related to how electrons are organized within an atom? The amount of energy needed to remove an electron is related to how electrons are organized within an atom.When the electron jumps to a lower suborbital it emits a photon, emitting light, This absorbs energy which csuses the emission of a photn t make the atom stable. 

• How is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron related to, different than, or the same as, the energy to excite an electron? The energy needed to remove one or more electrons from a neutral atom to form a positively charged ion is a physical property that influences the chemical behavior of the atom. By definition, the first ionization energy of an element is the energy needed to remove the outermost, or highest energy, electron from a neutral atom. 

Light and Electons

• What is the relationship between wavelength, frequency and energy of light?

             As wavelength increases, frequency decreases. Both are inversely related to one another. And light of energy is                    inversely related to wavelength. So the longer the wavelength the lesser the energy

• How does light emission demonstrate electron transition?

              The color emitted corresponds to the frequency and wavelength  and energy. This results to a specific electron                      transition between different energy levels.

• What is significant about the different colors of light observed in spectral lines?

               All colors of light have different energies,When a electron moves from an excited state to a closer level to the                      ground state this jump emits photons which causes an emission in light. If the electron goes from the ground                        state to a more excited state it absorbs light causing a blacks space or line in the spectral line

• How can light be used to measure energy transitions of electrons?

              Light can be used to measure energy transitions of electrons by measuring the corresponding wavelengths.